Practical Java 筆記


Practical Java 是本老書 (February 11, 2000) 了,候捷翻譯的中譯本已經絕版了,英文版也不好取得(太貴、要預定),所以我只能從網路上取得(?!),版權之神請原諒我 後來我在露天花了 1 千塊買了侯捷的中文版,這是我第一次看過電腦書會漲價的。 談起這本書,其實有點慚愧,他是一個很基本的書籍,談論 Java 這幾乎是本必讀的書籍,而從大學開始接觸 Java ,但一直都沒有好好把他讀懂,而今年穩定、專注的開始一個關於的 Java 的工作,就想起來好好把這些經典讀一讀。 雖然晚了點,但 It is never too late to learn!

這本書包含了 68 個 praxis, 這個 praxis 字用的就很有意思,從中文的來說,你可以說他是一個習慣、練習,也可以說他一個實踐。在 Practical Java 裡面有的是概念、有的是注意事項,所以我覺得這個 praxis 這個字是用的很到位的。

過去幾年我有認真的讀了這部書的部分章節,記錄下了一些內容。

GENERAL TECHNIQUES.

  • Praxis 1: Understand that parameters are passed by value, not by reference.
  • Praxis 2: Use final for constant data and constant object references.
  • Praxis 3: Understand that all non-static methods can be overridden by default.
  • Praxis 4: Choose carefully between arrays and Vectors.
  • Praxis 5: Prefer polymorphism to instance of.
  • Praxis 6: Use instance of only when you must.
  • Praxis 7: Set object references to null when they are no longer needed.

OBJECTS AND EQUALITY.

  • Praxis 8: Differentiate between reference and primitive types.
  • Praxis 9: Differentiate between == and equals.
  • Praxis 10: Do not rely on the default implementation of equals.
  • Praxis 11: Implement the equals method judiciously.
  • Praxis 12: Prefer get Class in equals method implementations.
  • Praxis 13: Call super. equals of base classes.
  • Praxis 14: Consider carefully instance of in equals method implementations.
  • Praxis 15: Follow these rules when implementing an equals method.

EXCEPTION HANDLING.

PERFORMANCE.

  • Praxis 28: Focus initially on design, data structures, and algorithms.
  • Praxis 29: Do not rely on compile-time code optimization.
  • Praxis 30: Understand runtime code optimization.
  • Praxis 31: Use String Buffer, rather than String, for concatenation.
  • Praxis 32: Minimize the cost of object creation.
  • Praxis 33: Guard against unused objects.
  • Praxis 34: Minimize synchronization.
  • Praxis 35: Use stack variables whenever possible.
  • Praxis 36: Use static, final, and private methods to allow in lining.
  • Praxis 37: Initialize instance variables only once.
  • Praxis 38: Use primitive types for faster and smaller code.
  • Praxis 39: Do not use an Enumeration or an Iterator to traverse a Vector.
  • Praxis 40: Use System array copy for copying arrays.
  • Praxis 41: Prefer an array to a Vector or Array List.
  • Praxis 42: Reuse objects whenever possible.
  • Praxis 43: Use lazy evaluation.
  • Praxis 44: Optimize source code by hand.
  • Praxis 45: Compile to native code.

MULTITHREADING.

  • Praxis 46: Understand that for instance methods, synchronized locks objects, not methods or code.
  • Praxis 47: Distinguish between synchronized statics and synchronized instance methods.
  • Praxis 48: Use private data with an accessor method instead of public or protected data.
  • Praxis 49: Avoid unnecessary synchronization.
  • Praxis 50: Use synchronized or volatile when accessing shared variables.
  • Praxis 51: Lock all objects involved in a single operation.
  • Praxis 52: Acquire multiple locks in a fixed, global order to avoid deadlock.
  • Praxis 53: Prefer notify All to notify.
  • Praxis 54: Use spin locks for wait and notify All.
  • Praxis 55: Use wait and notify All instead of polling loops.
  • Praxis 56: Do not reassign the object reference of a locked object.
  • Praxis 57: Do not invoke the stop or suspend methods.
  • Praxis 58: Terminate threads through thread cooperation. Classes and Interfaces.
  • Praxis 59: Use interfaces to support multiple inheritance.
  • Praxis 60: Avoid method clashes in interfaces.
  • Praxis 61: Use abstract classes when it makes sense to provide a partial implementation.
  • Praxis 62: Differentiate between an interface, abstract class, and concrete class.
  • Praxis 63: Define and implement immutable classes judiciously.
  • Praxis 64: Use clone for immutable objects when passing or receiving object references to mutable objects.
  • Praxis 65: Use inheritance or delegation to define immutable classes.
  • Praxis 66: Call super. clone when implementing a clone method.
  • Praxis 67: Do not rely on finalize methods for non-memory resource cleanup.
  • Praxis 68: Use care when calling non-final methods from constructors.

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